What Exactly is CO2? Definition, Origin & Impact on Climate:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas composed of carbon and oxygen. It is a natural component of the air, though it only makes up about 0.038%.
Despite this small amount, CO2 plays a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate by absorbing and re-emitting heat, a process known as the greenhouse effect.
This natural phenomenon keeps our planet warm enough to support life.

CO2 is naturally present in the atmosphere, produced by respiration, combustion of organic materials, and decomposition. Unlike other substances, CO2 does not break down by itself.
Instead, it is part of the carbon cycle, being absorbed by oceans or used by plants in photosynthesis to produce oxygen and glucose, a basic organic molecule.
These natural processes and reservoirs, known as "carbon sinks," help regulate atmospheric CO2 levels.

Human activities, especially since the Industrial Revolution, have significantly increased CO2 emissions through the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas.
This rise in CO2 levels enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming.
Increased atmospheric CO2 results in more heat being trapped, causing the Earth’s temperature to rise,
melting ice caps, and raising sea levels, which in turn leads to extreme weather events.

CO2 is the most important and well-known greenhouse gas, but it is not the only one.
Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and F-gases are also significant greenhouse gases.
To compare their impact, all greenhouse gases are converted into CO2 equivalents (CO2eq):

• CO2: 1 CO2eq
• Methane: 28 CO2eq
• Nitrous oxide: 265 CO2eq
• F-gases: 100–24,000 CO2eq

This makes it easier to summarize greenhouse gases.
For instance, a flight emits not only CO2 but also climate-affecting water vapor and ozone.
These emissions are combined into a specific amount of CO2eq.
Thus, when discussing CO2 emissions, CO2 equivalents are often meant.

Recognizing the impact of greenhouse gases, governments and industries worldwide are working to reduce emissions.
International agreements aim to limit global warming to a manageable level, typically below 2°C.
Countries meet regularly at climate conferences to set and review goals for emission reductions.

Individuals can also contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by improving energy efficiency at home, using energy-saving appliances, and supporting renewable energy sources.
Various tools and resources, such as energy-saving checks and information on state subsidies, are available to help people make environmentally friendly choices.

Understanding and mitigating CO2 emissions is crucial for combating climate change.
Both collective global actions and individual efforts are necessary to protect our planet for future generations.